====== 在 Alpine/Ubuntu 的 VM 加大硬碟空間(LVM) ======
===== Ubuntu =====
  * 環境 : Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS + lvm
  * 情境 : 將原本 60G 虛擬硬碟擴大為 120G

  - 先在 VM 管理介面將虛擬硬碟加大  ++看虛擬硬碟加大後相關資訊|<cli>
root@claude-code-194:/var/lib/docker# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  PV Size               <58.00 GiB / not usable 0
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              14847
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          14847
  PV UUID               KMzN5K-KMoy-W7I1-wJ6p-TItW-VrCb-0arRqF
  
root@claude-code-194:/var/lib/docker# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <58.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              14847
  Alloc PE / Size       14847 / <58.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               hbyja8-nOz5-rc2t-ttAG-M8O9-JO9H-Xf0FoB

root@claude-code-194:/var/lib/docker# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  LV Name                ubuntu-lv
  VG Name                ubuntu-vg
  LV UUID                wn0ndd-X8KW-zqc2-tH8M-amTr-uAOT-a4qQIY
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2025-07-25 11:41:57 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <58.00 GiB
  Current LE             14847
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           252:0
  
root@claude-code-194:/var/lib/docker# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                              794M  1.1M  793M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   57G   54G     0 100% /
tmpfs                              3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                          2.0G  197M  1.6G  11% /boot
tmpfs                              794M   16K  794M   1% /run/user/1000
</cli>++
  - 使用 growpart 工具擴展分區<cli>
# 安裝 cloud-guest-utils（如果沒有）
apt update
apt install cloud-guest-utils

# 擴展分區 3
growpart /dev/sda 3
</cli>
  - 重新讀取分區表<cli>
partprobe /dev/sda
</cli>
  - 擴展 Physical Volume<cli>
pvresize /dev/sda3
pvdisplay    # 確認 PV Size 變大了
</cli>
  - 擴展 Logical Volume<cli>
# 使用所有新增的空間
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
lvdisplay    # 確認 LV Size 變大了
</cli>
  - 擴展檔案系統（線上擴展，不需卸載）<cli>
# ext4 檔案系統可以線上擴展
resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
</cli>
  - 驗證結果<cli>
root@claude-code-194:/var/lib/docker# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                              794M  1.1M  793M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv  116G   31G   80G  28% /
tmpfs                              3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                          2.0G  197M  1.6G  11% /boot
tmpfs                              794M   16K  794M   1% /run/user/1000
</cli>

===== Alpine =====
  * 環境 : alpine3 + lvm 
  * 情境 : 將原本 16G 虛擬硬碟擴大為 36G

==== 處理程序 ====
  - 先在 VM 管理介面將虛擬硬碟加大 Exp. PVE 
    - 選要加大的虛擬硬碟 Exp. Hard Disk(scsi)
    - 點 Disk Action -> Resize -> 20 (因為原本有 16G 所以增加 20G 就可以變成 36G)  
  - 進入 alpine 安裝必要的工具 <cli>
apk add e2fsprogs-extra
</cli>
  - fdisk /dev/sda 增加 /dev/sda3 ++看增加後的結果|<cli>
pve-wiki:~# fdisk /dev/sda

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 36864.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 36 GB, 38654705664 bytes, 75497472 sectors
36864 cylinders, 64 heads, 32 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Device  Boot StartCHS    EndCHS        StartLBA     EndLBA    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 *  1,0,1       300,63,32         2048     616447     614400  300M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2    301,0,1     1023,63,32      616448   33554431   32937984 15.7G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3    1023,63,32  1023,63,32    33554432   75497471   41943040 20.0G 8e Linux LVM
</cli>++
  - pvcreate /dev/sda3 -> 將 /dev/sda3 變成可被加入 lvm 的硬碟
  - vgdisplay 看目前 vg 狀況 -> 只有一個 vg0
  - vgextend vg0 /dev/sda3 -> 將 /dev/sda3 加入 vg0
  - vgdisplay vg0 <- 可看到 vg0 的 Free PE/Size <20G
  - lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg0/lv_root -> 將所有可用空間都擴展到 lv_root 
  - vgdisplay vg0 <- 可看到 vg0 的 Free PE/Size 0/0
  - resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv_root <- 讓增加的 20G 生效
  - df -h 就可以看到 / 已經變成 33.2G

==== 快速執行命令 ====
  * <cli>
pvcreate /dev/sda3
vgextend vg0 /dev/sda3
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg0/lv_root
resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv_root
</cli>
    * ++看執行操作訊息|<cli>
openvas-28:~# pvcreate /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
openvas-28:~# vgextend vg0 /dev/sda3
  Volume group "vg0" successfully extended
openvas-28:~# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg0/lv_root
  Size of logical volume vg0/lv_root changed from 27.84 GiB (7128 extents) to <87.84 GiB (22487 extents).
  Logical volume vg0/lv_root successfully resized.
openvas-28:~# resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv_root
resize2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem at /dev/vg0/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 11
The filesystem on /dev/vg0/lv_root is now 23026688 (4k) blocks long.
</cli>++

{{tag>vmdisk resize alpine ubuntu lvm}}