Alpine Linux 操作整理

設定時區

參考 - https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Setting_the_timezone

Exp. 設定為台北時間

apk add tzdata
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Taipei /etc/localtime
echo "Asia/Taipei" > /etc/timezone
apk del tzdata

實際操作過程

ct-dns:~# date
Thu Jul  8 23:35:50 UTC 2021
ct-dns:~# apk add tzdata
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.14/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.14/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
(1/1) Installing tzdata (2021a-r0)
Executing busybox-1.33.1-r3.trigger
OK: 41 MiB in 71 packages
ct-dns:~# ls /usr/share/zoneinfo
Africa        CET           Egypt         GMT+0         Iran          MST7MDT       Poland        UTC           zone.tab
America       CST6CDT       Eire          GMT-0         Israel        Mexico        Portugal      Universal     zone1970.tab
Antarctica    Canada        Etc           GMT0          Jamaica       NZ            ROC           W-SU
Arctic        Chile         Europe        Greenwich     Japan         NZ-CHAT       ROK           WET
Asia          Cuba          Factory       HST           Kwajalein     Navajo        Singapore     Zulu
Atlantic      EET           GB            Hongkong      Libya         PRC           Turkey        iso3166.tab
Australia     EST           GB-Eire       Iceland       MET           PST8PDT       UCT           posixrules
Brazil        EST5EDT       GMT           Indian        MST           Pacific       US            right
ct-dns:~# ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/
Aden           Barnaul        Dili           Jayapura       Kuwait         Pontianak      Srednekolymsk  Urumqi
Almaty         Beirut         Dubai          Jerusalem      Macao          Pyongyang      Taipei         Ust-Nera
Amman          Bishkek        Dushanbe       Kabul          Macau          Qatar          Tashkent       Vientiane
Anadyr         Brunei         Famagusta      Kamchatka      Magadan        Qostanay       Tbilisi        Vladivostok
Aqtau          Calcutta       Gaza           Karachi        Makassar       Qyzylorda      Tehran         Yakutsk
Aqtobe         Chita          Harbin         Kashgar        Manila         Rangoon        Tel_Aviv       Yangon
Ashgabat       Choibalsan     Hebron         Kathmandu      Muscat         Riyadh         Thimbu         Yekaterinburg
Ashkhabad      Chongqing      Ho_Chi_Minh    Katmandu       Nicosia        Saigon         Thimphu        Yerevan
Atyrau         Chungking      Hong_Kong      Khandyga       Novokuznetsk   Sakhalin       Tokyo
Baghdad        Colombo        Hovd           Kolkata        Novosibirsk    Samarkand      Tomsk
Bahrain        Dacca          Irkutsk        Krasnoyarsk    Omsk           Seoul          Ujung_Pandang
Baku           Damascus       Istanbul       Kuala_Lumpur   Oral           Shanghai       Ulaanbaatar
Bangkok        Dhaka          Jakarta        Kuching        Phnom_Penh     Singapore      Ulan_Bator
ct-dns:~# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Taipei /etc/localtime
ct-dns:~# echo "Asia/Taipei" > /etc/timezone
ct-dns:~# date
Fri Jul  9 07:38:52 CST 2021
ct-dns:~# apk del tzdata
(1/1) Purging tzdata (2021a-r0)
Executing busybox-1.33.1-r3.trigger
OK: 38 MiB in 70 packages

更改 IP

Exp. 設定 IP 為 192.168.11.60

vi /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.11.60
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        gateway 192.168.11.254

更改 hostname

Exp. 設定 hostname 為 pve-alpine3

echo "pve-alpine3" > /etc/hostname
hostname -F /etc/hostname
vi /etc/hosts

:
127.0.0.1       alpine3.ichiayi.com pve-alpine3 localhost.localdomain localhost
:

驗證修改後的 hostname

pve-alpine3:~# hostname
pve-alpine3
pve-alpine3:~# hostname -f
alpine3.ichiayi.com

Alpine 版本升級方式

參考 - https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-upgrade-alpine-linux-3-4-to-3-5-xx/
可使用 alpine_upgrade.sh 進行升級

下載 alpine_upgrade.sh

curl -o alpine_upgrade.sh  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tryweb/docker-compose/refs/heads/main/scripts/alpine_upgrade.sh
chmod a+x alpine_upgrade.sh

執行 script 進行升級
```
./alpine_upgrade.sh
```
執行後如果沒有問題會問是否要重新開機, 重開後就完成升級
確認更新後的版本
```
cat /etc/alpine-release
```

安裝 SSH Server

參考 - https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Setting_up_a_SSH_server

安裝步驟

apk add openssh
rc-update add sshd
rc-status
rc-service sshd start

如果要讓 root 可以登入, 就要修改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 內的 PermitRootLogin 定義
```
:
#LoginGraceTime 2m  
PermitRootLogin yes
:
```
然後重啟服務
```
rc-service sshd restart
```

安裝 snmpd Server

安裝步驟
```
apk add net-snmp
```
編輯 /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

啟動 snmpd

rc-update add snmpd
rc-service snmpd start

安裝 Qemu-Agent

啟用 community 套件來源

 vi /etc/apk/repositories

:
#/media/cdrom/apks
http://mirror.dst.ca/alpine/v3.16/main
http://mirror.dst.ca/alpine/v3.16/community
#http://mirror.dst.ca/alpine/edge/main
#http://mirror.dst.ca/alpine/edge/community
#http://mirror.dst.ca/alpine/edge/testing

進行更新與安裝

apk update; apk upgrade
apk add qemu-guest-agent

確認 vport 的位置

pve-airsonic:~# ls -lt /dev/vport*
crw-------    1 root     root      242,   1 Jan 30 11:06 /dev/vport1p1

修改 /etc/conf.d/qemu-guest-agent 設定 GA_PATH=“/dev/vport1p1”

:
# Specifies the device path for the communications back to QEMU on the host
# Default: /dev/virtio-ports/org.qemu.guest_agent.0
GA_PATH="/dev/vport1p1"

讓設定生效

rc-update add qemu-guest-agent
rc-service qemu-guest-agent restart

其他安裝 Alpine 服務

Alpine 設定日誌至遠端 Log Server	2025/05/09 18:41	Jonathan Tsai
Alpine 寄出信件設定	2024/04/08 00:24	Jonathan Tsai
Alpine 設定 CIFS(SAMBA) 方式	2024/04/07 23:17	Jonathan Tsai
Alpine 設定 NFS Client 方式	2024/02/01 11:55	Jonathan Tsai
安裝 Ansible UI - SemaphoreUI (Docker)	2023/12/29 15:47	Jonathan Tsai
在 Ubuntu 內安裝 Dockge 管理 Container	2023/11/21 13:53	Jonathan Tsai
在 Alpine/Ubuntu 的 VM 加大硬碟空間(LVM)	2023/11/15 00:33	Jonathan Tsai
在 Alpine 內安裝 WireGuard VPN (Docker)	2023/10/27 06:54	Jonathan Tsai
在 Alpine 內安裝 Portainer 管理 Container	2023/01/13 09:08	Jonathan Tsai
Alpine 安裝 Nginx 當 Web Proxy	2022/02/04 22:22	Jonathan Tsai
[draft]在 Alpine Linux 3 底下安裝 Subversion(SVN) Server + submin	2022/01/10 16:30	Jonathan Tsai
在 Alpine Linux 3 底下安裝 docker + docker-compose	2021/12/08 16:51	Jonathan Tsai
在 Alpine Linux 3 底下安裝 Squid 當 Proxy	2021/12/08 11:50	Jonathan Tsai
Alpine Linux 操作整理	2021/07/09 07:43	Jonathan Tsai
在 Alpine Linux 3 底下安裝 Bind 當 DNS	2021/07/08 16:31	Jonathan Tsai

alpine, timezone, ssh