Ubuntu 直接加一顆 HD 擴充 LVM 空間

環境 : Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS

檔案系統 : 透過安裝預設建立 LVM

root@dockur-win:~# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <58.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              14975
  Alloc PE / Size       14975 / <58.50 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               mNr3cZ-Rl7q-aWaF-kwFM-6Dyk-jmab-txk3YT

Logical volume : ubuntu-lv(/dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv)

root@dockur-win:~# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  LV Name                ubuntu-lv
  VG Name                ubuntu-vg
  LV UUID                zWjMNs-DWEd-79wN-FlvH-V4Mc-RHBa-9lkTks
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2023-10-12 21:40:30 +0000
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <58.50 GiB
  Current LE             14975
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

目前掛載資訊 : /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 58G 6.9G 48G 13% /

root@dockur-win:~# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                               7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                              1.6G  1.3M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   58G  6.9G   48G  13% /
tmpfs                              7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                              7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2                          1.5G  209M  1.2G  16% /boot
/dev/loop0                          62M   62M     0 100% /snap/core20/1328
/dev/loop2                          44M   44M     0 100% /snap/snapd/14978
/dev/loop1                          68M   68M     0 100% /snap/lxd/21835
tmpfs                              1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/1000
/dev/loop3                          92M   92M     0 100% /snap/lxd/24061

處理程序

預計加入 HD : /dev/sdb 60G 擴充 / 空間

先針對 /dev/sdb 進行 fdisk 為 lvm 設備

fdisk /dev/sdb
  g
  n
    1
    [Enter]
    [Enter]
  t
    L
    q
    31
  p
  w

看實際操作紀錄

root@dockur-win:~# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x762ed0d4.

Command (m for help): g
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 40DD6550-02A5-BD46-9597-859E63050DA8).

Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (2048-125829086, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-125829086, default 125829086):

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 60 GiB.

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): L
  1 EFI System                     C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
  2 MBR partition scheme           024DEE41-33E7-11D3-9D69-0008C781F39F
  3 Intel Fast Flash               D3BFE2DE-3DAF-11DF-BA40-E3A556D89593
  4 BIOS boot                      21686148-6449-6E6F-744E-656564454649
  5 Sony boot partition            F4019732-066E-4E12-8273-346C5641494F
  6 Lenovo boot partition          BFBFAFE7-A34F-448A-9A5B-6213EB736C22
  7 PowerPC PReP boot              9E1A2D38-C612-4316-AA26-8B49521E5A8B
  8 ONIE boot                      7412F7D5-A156-4B13-81DC-867174929325
  9 ONIE config                    D4E6E2CD-4469-46F3-B5CB-1BFF57AFC149
 10 Microsoft reserved             E3C9E316-0B5C-4DB8-817D-F92DF00215AE
 11 Microsoft basic data           EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
 12 Microsoft LDM metadata         5808C8AA-7E8F-42E0-85D2-E1E90434CFB3
 13 Microsoft LDM data             AF9B60A0-1431-4F62-BC68-3311714A69AD
 14 Windows recovery environment   DE94BBA4-06D1-4D40-A16A-BFD50179D6AC
 15 IBM General Parallel Fs        37AFFC90-EF7D-4E96-91C3-2D7AE055B174
 16 Microsoft Storage Spaces       E75CAF8F-F680-4CEE-AFA3-B001E56EFC2D
 17 HP-UX data                     75894C1E-3AEB-11D3-B7C1-7B03A0000000
 18 HP-UX service                  E2A1E728-32E3-11D6-A682-7B03A0000000
 19 Linux swap                     0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4F
 20 Linux filesystem               0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4
 21 Linux server data              3B8F8425-20E0-4F3B-907F-1A25A76F98E8
 22 Linux root (x86)               44479540-F297-41B2-9AF7-D131D5F0458A
 23 Linux root (ARM)               69DAD710-2CE4-4E3C-B16C-21A1D49ABED3
 24 Linux root (x86-64)            4F68BCE3-E8CD-4DB1-96E7-FBCAF984B709
 25 Linux root (ARM-64)            B921B045-1DF0-41C3-AF44-4C6F280D3FAE
 26 Linux root  (IA-64)             993D8D3D-F80E-4225-855A-9DAF8ED7EA97
 27 Linux reserved                 8DA63339-0007-60C0-C436-083AC8230908
 28 Linux home                     933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915
 29 Linux RAID                     A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911E
 30 Linux extended boot            BC13C2FF-59E6-4262-A352-B275FD6F7172
 31 Linux LVM                      E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928
 32 FreeBSD data                   516E7CB4-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 33 FreeBSD boot                   83BD6B9D-7F41-11DC-BE0B-001560B84F0F
 34 FreeBSD swap                   516E7CB5-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 35 FreeBSD UFS                    516E7CB6-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 36 FreeBSD ZFS                    516E7CBA-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 37 FreeBSD Vinum                  516E7CB8-6ECF-11D6-8FF8-00022D09712B
 38 Apple HFS/HFS+                 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 39 Apple UFS                      55465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 40 Apple RAID                     52414944-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 41 Apple RAID offline             52414944-5F4F-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 42 Apple boot                     426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 43 Apple label                    4C616265-6C00-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 44 Apple TV recovery              5265636F-7665-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 45 Apple Core storage             53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
 46 Solaris boot                   6A82CB45-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 47 Solaris root                   6A85CF4D-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 48 Solaris /usr & Apple ZFS       6A898CC3-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 49 Solaris swap                   6A87C46F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 50 Solaris backup                 6A8B642B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 51 Solaris /var                   6A8EF2E9-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 52 Solaris /home                  6A90BA39-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 53 Solaris alternate sector       6A9283A5-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 54 Solaris reserved 1             6A945A3B-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 55 Solaris reserved 2             6A9630D1-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 56 Solaris reserved 3             6A980767-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 57 Solaris reserved 4             6A96237F-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 58 Solaris reserved 5             6A8D2AC7-1DD2-11B2-99A6-080020736631
 59 NetBSD swap                    49F48D32-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
 60 NetBSD FFS                     49F48D5A-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
 61 NetBSD LFS                     49F48D82-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648
 62 NetBSD concatenated            2DB519C4-B10E-11DC-B99B-0019D1879648

Partition type (type L to list all types): 31
Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'.

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 60 GiB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 40DD6550-02A5-BD46-9597-859E63050DA8

Device     Start       End   Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdb1   2048 125829086 125827039  60G Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

將 /dev/sdb 加入 Volume group : ubuntu-vg

pvcreate /dev/sdb1
vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sdb1
vgdisplay ubuntu-vg

看參考畫面

root@dockur-win:~# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
root@dockur-win:~# vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "ubuntu-vg" successfully extended
root@dockur-win:~# vgdisplay ubuntu-vg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               118.49 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              30334
  Alloc PE / Size       14975 / <58.50 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       15359 / <60.00 GiB
  VG UUID               mNr3cZ-Rl7q-aWaF-kwFM-6Dyk-jmab-txk3YT

擴充所有加入空間給 Logical volume : ubuntu-lv (/dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv)

lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv

看參考畫面

root@dockur-win:~# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from <58.50 GiB (14975 extents) to 118.49 GiB (30334 extents).
  Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.

讓擴充立即生效

resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
df -h

看參考畫面

root@dockur-win:~# resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
resize2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Filesystem at /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 8, new_desc_blocks = 15
The filesystem on /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is now 31062016 (4k) blocks long.
root@dockur-win:~# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                               7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                              1.6G  1.3M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv  117G  6.9G  105G   7% /
tmpfs                              7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                              7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2                          1.5G  209M  1.2G  16% /boot
/dev/loop0                          62M   62M     0 100% /snap/core20/1328
/dev/loop2                          44M   44M     0 100% /snap/snapd/14978
/dev/loop1                          68M   68M     0 100% /snap/lxd/21835
tmpfs                              1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/1000
/dev/loop3                          92M   92M     0 100% /snap/lxd/24061